实际开发中,有时需要知道对象的所有属性,原生js提供了一个方法Object.keys()。
Object.keys(obj)返回的是一个数组,该数组的所有元素都是字符串。这些元素是来自于给定的obj可直接枚举的属性,这些属性的顺序与手动遍历该对象属性时的一致。一. 传入数组:返回索引
var arr = ["a", "b", "c"]; console.log(Object.keys(arr)); // console: ["0", "1", "2"]
二. 传入对象:返回属性名
var obj = {'a':'123','b':'345'};console.log(Object.keys(obj)); //['a','b']var obj1 = { 100: "a", 2: "b", 7: "c"};console.log(Object.keys(obj1)); // console: ["2", "7", "100"]var obj2 = Object.create( {}, { getFoo : { value : function () { return this.foo } } });obj2.foo = 1;console.log(Object.keys(obj2)); // console: ["foo"]
三.传入字符串:返回索引
var str = 'ab1234';console.log(Object.keys(str)); // ["0","1","2","3","4","5"]
四、构造函数:返回空数组或者属性名
function Pasta(name, age, gender) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.gender = gender; this.toString = function () { return (this.name + ", " + this.age + ", " + this.gender); }} console.log(Object.keys(Pasta)); //console: [] var spaghetti = new Pasta("Tom", 20, "male"); console.log(Object.keys(spaghetti)); //console: ["name", "age", "gender", "toString"]
五、注意事项
在ES5里,如果此方法的参数不是对象(而是一个原始值),那么它会抛出 TypeError。在ES6中,非对象的参数将被强制转换为一个对象。Object.keys("foo");// TypeError: "foo" is not an object (ES5 code)Object.keys("foo");// ["0", "1", "2"] (ES2015 code)
六、要在原生不支持的就环境中添加兼容的Object.keys(),可以添加以下脚本:
if (!Object.keys) { Object.keys = (function () { var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty, hasDontEnumBug = !({toString: null}).propertyIsEnumerable('toString'), dontEnums = [ 'toString', 'toLocaleString', 'valueOf', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable', 'constructor' ], dontEnumsLength = dontEnums.length; return function (obj) { if (typeof obj !== 'object' && typeof obj !== 'function' || obj === null) throw new TypeError('Object.keys called on non-object'); var result = []; for (var prop in obj) { if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop)) result.push(prop); } if (hasDontEnumBug) { for (var i=0; i < dontEnumsLength; i++) { if (hasOwnProperty.call(obj, dontEnums[i])) result.push(dontEnums[i]); } } return result; } })()};